Osteoartritis, obesidad e inflamación
Palabras clave:
Osteoartritis, obesidad, inflamación, adipocinasResumen
Uno de los factores de riesgo de mayor solidez para el inicio y la progresión de la osteoartritis
es la obesidad por su efecto mecánico sobre las articulaciones de carga; sin embargo, estu-
dios recientes han demostrado una correlación entre la osteoartritis de mano y la obesidad,
lo que no puede ser explicado por el estrés mecánico. Esto sugiere que factores metabólicos
contribuyen a la alta prevalencia de la osteoartritis en individuos obesos. El tejido adiposo
blanco es un órgano secretor activo que puede contribuir a la respuesta inflamatoria o a la
patogénesis de enfermedades articulares degenerativas o inflamatorias, ya que produce pro-
teínas llamadas «adipocinas», involucradas en un amplio rango de actividades biológicas y en
una comunicación activa entre los adipocitos y las células inmunológicas. La leptina, adipo-
nectina y resistina son las adipocinas más estudiadas en la actualidad, no obstante, continúan
emergiendo nuevas adipocinas. Estas adipocinas juegan un papel decisivo en el desarrollo
y progresión de la osteoartritis, considerándose importantes factores en esta interrelación
entre osteoartritis, obesidad e inflamación, así como en complicaciones cardiovasculares y
metabólicas que frecuentemente se asocian con las enfermedades reumáticas. Esta revisión
está orientada a la comprensión de una de las enfermedades articulares más comunes: la
osteoartritis y su asociación con la obesidad considerando no únicamente el incremento de
la presión sobre una articulación en particular, sino también la inflamación crónica generada
por las adipocinas liberadas principalmente por el tejido adiposo.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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