Biomateriales: Pieza clave en la reparación de las lesiones medulares
Palabras clave:
Biomateriales, lesión medular, células nerviosas, ingeniería de tejidos, reparación celularResumen
La lesión medular es un padecimiento discapacitante que afecta al año a 12,000 personas,
teniendo un impacto en la vida social, laboral, económica y de salud de cada uno de ellos.
La etiología de este padecimiento es diversa; sin embargo, la mayor parte de las lesiones
es ocasionada por traumatismos en el área de la médula espinal causado por accidentes
vehiculares, laborales, caídas, entre otros. Existen diversos tratamientos; sin embargo, nin-
guno ayuda a la regeneración. Una alternativa es la ingeniería de los tejidos, que utiliza las
herramientas y tecnologías que están a su alcance para reparar el tejido dañado mediante
el uso de biomateriales que sirven de soporte para las células y que permiten el crecimiento
axonal en la lesión medular, ayudando así a la reparación del tejido. Este trabajo, con base
en las investigaciones sobre diversos materiales a nivel mundial, abordará el tema de los bio-
materiales que actualmente se están proponiendo para la reparación del tejido nervioso en
la médula espinal, además de que se compararán y expondrán sus principales cualidades y
características para la reparación en la lesión medular y analizará la importancia clínica que
éstos tendrán en un futuro.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra
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