Compromiso miogénico de las células satélites en las distrofias musculares
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35366/113830Palabras clave:
células satélites, regeneración muscular, distrofias muscularesResumen
Las células satélites componen un grupo heterogéneo que incluye células troncales y células progenitoras del músculo esquelético. Estas células musculares especializadas tienen un papel clave en la regeneración muscular. Durante un proceso de daño grave en la fibra muscular se pone en marcha la maquinaria de regeneración muscular en la que participan varias vías de señalización que llevan a la activación de las células satélites. Lo anterior encamina al músculo a llevar un mecanismo de reparación ordenado. Sin embargo, se ha propuesto que la reducción o pérdida de la capacidad de reparación muscular después de una lesión, con la disminución concomitante del compromiso miogénico de las células satélites, podrían ser la causa del daño observado en varias formas de distrofia muscular. El compromiso miogénico de las células satélites se puede ver afectado por diferentes mecanismos, como el estado de inflamación crónica, la desregulación de los progenitores fibroadipogénicos o el proceso de senescencia. Todo esto resulta en una disminución de la capacidad regenerativa muscular y una mayor degeneración muscular. El propósito de esta revisión es describir algunos de los mecanismos más relevantes que alteran el compromiso miogénico de las células satélites y cómo éstos influyen en la disminución de la reparación muscular en músculos afectados por distrofia muscular.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra
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