NEUROLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION IN INFANTS WITH AUTISM: FROM BRAIN STRUCTURE TO BEHAVIOR

Abstract

Introduction: Autism is a complex neurological condition that manifests from the first years of life, generating alterations in brain structure and function, especially in areas such as the cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, amygdalae. General objective: To analyze the influence of neuroanatomical and neurophysiological bases on the clinical manifestation of autism and their implications for the design of physiotherapy interventions in the pediatric population. Specific objectives: To describe the main neuroanatomical and functional alterations involved in autism. To identify the common motor and sensory manifestations in children with autism. Methodology: A documentary and theoretical review was conducted based on updated scientific research on Autism Spectrum Disorder and its relationship with neurological disorders. Case studies, systematic reviews, and relevant literature that provided data on physical therapy interventions in children with ASD were included. Results: The data collected show that children with ASD present motor and sensory dysfunctions directly associated with neuroanatomical alterations, especially in structures such as the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: Autism Spectrum Disorder should not be treated solely behaviorally, but rather from a comprehensive neurophysiological approach. Techniques such as Vojta therapy, hydrotherapy, and play therapy have been shown to be effective, especially when implemented at an early age.