Functional Limitations in People with Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Daily Impact

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible condition characterized by the gradual decline of renal function, which in advanced stages requires replacement therapy such as hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplantation. Its increasing prevalence is related to population aging and the rise of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. Beyond its physiological effects, CKD causes significant limitations in daily life due to bone, muscular, and neurological complications that affect mobility, autonomy, and the ability to perform daily activities.

Objective: To describe the experiences and limitations of people with chronic kidney disease in relation to their daily life and functional ability.

Methodology: Qualitative study aimed at understanding the experiences of people with CKD and the effects of the disease on their daily activities.

Results: Participants described significant limitations arising from muscle and joint pain, persistent fatigue, reduced physical strength, and mobility impairments. These conditions affect performance of basic and instrumental activities of daily living, reduce functional independence, and create partial dependence for some tasks. Additionally, dialysis treatment requires reorganization of routines, habit changes, and development of adaptation strategies to face the demands of the disease.

Conclusions: CKD significantly impacts people's functionality and quality of life. In this context, nursing plays a fundamental role through education, support, and strengthening of self-care, promoting therapeutic adherence and helping to reduce or delay disability associated with the clinical progression of the disease.