Uso de las células troncales mesenquimales en la osteoartritis
Palabras clave:
Cartílago articular, osteoartritis, ingeniería de tejidos, matriz extracelular, células troncales mesenquimalesResumen
El dolor en las articulaciones es ocasionado, en la mayoría de las veces, por el desgaste del
cartílago (osteoartritis), enfermedad que representa un grave problema de salud pública debido
a que afecta a un alto porcentaje de la población adulta en México. Sin embargo, la mayoría
de las terapias actualmente utilizadas para el tratamiento de lesiones articulares no brindan
resultados satisfactorios a largo plazo debido a que no resuelven el problema ni detienen la
progresión del proceso degenerativo. En las últimas décadas, la ingeniería de tejidos enfocada
en la regeneración de cartílago dañado por una enfermedad o traumatismo ha cobrado mayor
importancia debido, en gran parte, a los recientes avances logrados en el uso de implantes
biodegradables y en la ciencia de los materiales, lo que ha permitido la elaboración de una
matriz extracelular artificial que asemeje las características físicas y funcionales del tejido da-
ñado. Lo anterior, en conjunto con el trasplante de células autólogas –como lo son las células
troncales mesenquimales–, ha permitido hacer frente a las lesiones del cartílago articular con
una técnica que ofrece una perspectiva prometedora para la regeneración de este tejido. El
objetivo del presente artículo de revisión es resumir las generalidades de la osteoartritis; así
mismo, dar un panorama general del conocimiento existente en la medicina humana referente
al uso de células troncales mesenquimales como tratamiento de la enfermedad.
##plugins.generic.pfl.publicationFactsTitle##
##plugins.generic.pfl.reviewerProfiles## N/D
##plugins.generic.pfl.authorStatements##
Indexado: {$indexList}
-
##plugins.generic.pfl.indexedList##
- ##plugins.generic.pfl.editorAndBoard##
- ##plugins.generic.pfl.profiles##
- ##plugins.generic.pfl.academicSociety##
- N/D
Para obtener más información sobre un dato, haga clic
##plugins.generic.pfl.maintainedByPKP##
Citas
Lawrence JS, Bremner JM, Bier F, Osteo-arthrosis.
Prevalence in the population and relationship between
symptoms and x-ray changes. Ann Rheum Dis. 1966;
: 1-24.
Miralles G, Baudoin R, Dumas D, Baptiste D, Hubert P,
Stoltz JF et al. Sodium alginate sponges with or without
sodium hyaluronate: in vitro engineering of cartilage.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 2001; 57:
-278.
Genes NG, Rowley JA, Mooney DJ, Bonassar LJ. Effect
of substrate mechanics on chondrocyte adhesion to
modifi ed alginate surfaces. Archives of Biochemistry
and Biophysics. 2004; 422: 161-167.
Park H, Temenoff JS, Holland TA, Tabata Y, Mikos AG.
Delivery of TGF-beta 1 and chondrocytes via injectable,
biodegradable hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering
applications. Biomaterials. 2005; 26: 7095-7103.
Muller FA, Muller L, Hofmann I, Greil P, Wenzel MM,
Staudenmaier R. Cellulose-based scaffold materials
for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2006; 27:
-3963.
Vinatier C, Magne D, Moreau A, Gauthier O, Malard O,
Vignes-Colombeix C et al. Engineering cartilage with
human nasal chondrocytes and a silanized hydroxy-
propyl methylcellulose hydrogel. Journal of Biomedical
Materials Research. 2007; 80A: 66-74.
Lee CR, Breinan HA, Nehrer S, Spector M. Articular
cartilage chondrocytes in type I and type II collagen-
GAG matrices exhibit contractile behavior in vitro. Tissue
Engineering. 2000; 6: 555-565.
Lee CR, Grodzinsky AJ, Spector A. Biosynthetic res-
ponse of passaged chondrocytes in a type II collagen
scaffold to mechanical compression. Journal of Biome-
dical Materials Research. 2003; 64A: 560-569.
Liu X, Xu Y, Chen S, Tan Z, Xiong K, Li Y, Ye Y, Luo
ZP, He F, Gong Y. Rescue of proinfl ammatory cytokine-
inhibited chondrogenesis by the antiarthritic effect of
melatonin in synovium mesenchymal stem cells via
suppression of reactive oxygen species and matrix
metalloproteinases. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014; 68:
-46.
De Franceschi L, Grigolo B, Roseti L, Facchini A, Fini
M, Giavaresi G et al. Transplantation of chondrocytes
seeded on collagen-based scaffold in cartilage defects
in rabbits. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research.
; 75A: 612-622.
Li Q, Williams CG, Sun DD, Wang J, Leong K, Elis-
seeff JH. Photocross linkable polysaccharides based
on chondroitin sulfate. Journal of Biomedical Materials
Research. 2004; 68: 28-33.
Fan HB, Hu YY, Zhang CL, Li XS, Lv R, Qin L et al.
Cartilage regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells
and a PLGA-gelatin/chondroitin/hyaluronate hybrid
scaffold. Biomaterials. 2006; 27: 4573-4580.
Matsushita M1, Kitoh H, Kaneko H, Mishima K, Kado-
no I, Ishiguro N, Nishimura G. A novel SOX9 H169Q
mutation in a family with overlapping phenotype of mild
campomelic dysplasia and small patella syndrome. Am
J Med Genet. 2013; 161 (10): 2528-2534.
Liao J1, Hu N1, Zhou N1, Lin L1, Zhao C1, Yi S1 et
al. Sox9 potentiates BMP2-induced chondrogenic
differentiation and inhibits bmp2-induced osteogenic
differentiation. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (2): 89025.
Iyama K, Ninomiya Y, Olsen BR, Linsenmayer TF,
Trelstad RL, Hayashi M. Spatiotemporal pattern of type
X collagen gene expression and collagen deposition in
embryonic chick vertebrae undergoing endochondral
ossifi cation. Anat Rec. 1991; 229 (4): 462-472.
Pratap J, Galindo M, Zaidi SK, Vradii D, Bhat BM, Robin-
son JA et al. Cell growth regulatory role of Runx2 during
proliferative expansion of preosteoblasts. Cancer Res.
; 63 (17): 5357-5362.
Galindo M, Pratap J, Young DW, Hovhannisyan H, Im
HJ, Choi JY et al. The bone-specifi c expression of Runx2
oscillates during the cell cycle to support a G1-related
antiproliferative function in osteoblasts. J BiolChem.
; 280 (21): 20274-20285.
Brittberg M, Lindahl A, Nilsson A, Ohlsson C, Isaksson
O, Peterson L. Treatment of deep cartilage defects in
the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation.
N Engl J Med. 1994; 331 (14): 889-895.
Bahuaud J, Maitrot RC, Bouvet R, Kerdiles N, Tovagliaro
F, Synave J et al. Implantation of autologous chondro-
cytes for cartilagenous lesions in young patients. A study
of 24 cases. Chirurgie. 1998; 123 (6): 568-571.
Goodstone NJ, Cartwright A, Ashton B. Effects of high
molecular weight hyaluronan on chondrocytes cultured
within a resorbable gelatin sponge. Tiss Engin. 2004;
: 621-631.
Xia WY, Liu W, Cui L, Liu YC, Zhong W, Liu DL et al.
Tissue engineering of cartilage with the use of chitosan
gelatin complex scaffolds. Journal of Biomedical Mate-
rials Research Part B-Applied Biomaterials. 2004; 71B:
-380.
Hoshikawa A, Nakayama Y, Matsuda T, Oda H, Naka-
mura K, Mabuchi K. Encapsulation of chondrocytes
in photopolymerizable styrenated gelatin for cartilage
tissue engineering. Tiss Engin. 2006; 12: 2333-2341.
Sechriest VF, Miao YJ, Niyibizi C, Westerhausen-Larson
A, Matthew, HW, Evans CH et al. GAG-augmented
polysaccharide hydrogel: a novel biocompatible and
biodegradable material to support chondrogenesis. J
of Biomed Mat Res. 1999; 49: 534-541.
Nettles DL, Elder SH, Gilbert JA, Potential use of
chitosan as a cell scaffold material for cartilage tissue
engineering. Tiss Engin. 2002; 8: 1009-1016.
García-Carvajal Z, Garciadiego-Cázares D, Parra-Cid C,
Aguilar-Gaytán R, Velasquillo C, Ibarra C et al. Cartilage
tissue engineering: the role of extracellular matrix (ECM)
and novel strategies. En: Regenerative medicine and
tissue engineering. 2013. ISBN: 978-953-51-1108-5.
Li WJ, Danielson KG, Alexander PG, Tuan RS. Biological
response of chondrocytes cultured in three-dimensional
nanofi brous poly (epsiloncaprolactone) scaffolds. J of
Biomed Mat Res. 2003; Part A 67A: 1105-1114.
Shin HJ, Lee CH, Cho IH, Kim YJ, Lee YJ, Kim IA et al.
Electrospun PLGA nanofi ber scaffolds for articular car-
tilage reconstruction: mechanical stability, degradation
and cellular responses under mechanical stimulation in
vitro. J of Biomat. 2006; 17: 103-119.
Uematsu K, Hattori K, Ishimoto Y, Yamauchi J, Habata
T, Takakura Y et al. Cartilage regeneration using mes-
enchymal stem cells and a three-dimensional poly-lactic-
glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold. Biomaterials. 2005; 26:
-4279.
Elisseeff J, McIntosh W, Anseth K, Riley S, Ragan P,
Langer R. Photoencapsulation of chondrocytes in poly
(ethylene oxide)-based semi interpenetrating networks.
J of Biomed Mat Res. 2000; 51: 164-171.
Bryant SJ, Bender RJ, Durand KL, Anseth KS. Encap-
sulating chondrocytes in degrading PEG hydrogels with
high modulus: engineering gel structural changes to
facilitate cartilaginous tissue production. Biotech and
Bioeng. 2004; 86: 747-755.
Holland TA, Tabata Y, Mikos AG. Dual growth factor
delivery from degradable oligo (poly [ethylene glycol]
fumarate) hydrogel scaffolds for cartilage tissue engi-
neering. J of ContRel. 2005; 101: 111-125.
Liao E, Yaszemski M, Krebsbach P, Hollister S. Tis-
sue-engineered cartilage constructs using composite
hyaluronic acid/collagen I hydrogels and designed poly
(propylene fumarate) scaffolds. Tiss Engin. 2007; 13:
-550.
Grad S, Kupcsik L, Gorna K, Gogolewski S, Alini M.
The use of biodegradable polyurethane scaffolds for
cartilage tissue engineering: potential and limitations.
Biomaterials. 2003; 24: 5163-5171.
Liu Y, Webb K, Kirker KR, Bernshaw NJ, Tresco PA,
Gray SD et al. Composite articular cartilage engineered
on a chondrocyte seeded aliphatic polyurethane sponge.
Tiss Engin. 2004; 10: 1084-1092.
Chia SL, Gorna K, Gogolewski S, Alini M. Biodegradable
elastomeric polyurethane membranes as chondrocyte
carriers for cartilage repair. Tiss Engin. 2006; 12: 1945-
Martens PJ, Bryant SJ, Anseth KS. Tailoring the degra-
dation of hydrogels formed from multivinyl poly (ethylene
glycol) and poly (vinyl alcohol) macromers for cartilage
tissue engineering. Biomacromol. 2003; 4: 283-292.
Bryant SJ, Bender RJ, Durand KL, Anseth KS. Encap-
sulating chondrocytes in degrading PEG hydrogels with
high modulus: engineering gel structural changes to
facilitate cartilaginous tissue production. Biotech and
Bioeng. 2004; 86: 747-755.
Buda, R. Osteochondral lesions of the knee: a new one-
step repair technique with bone marrow-derived cells.
The J of Bone and Joint Surg Am. 2010; 92: 2-11.
Matsumoto T. Articular cartilage repair with autologous
bone marrow mesenchymal cells. J of Cell Physiol. 2010;
: 291-295.
Nejadnik H, Hui JH, Feng Choong EP, Tai BC, Lee EH.
Autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem
cells versus autologous chondrocyte implantation: an
observational cohort study. The Amer J of Sp Med.
; 38: 1110-1116.
Haleem AM. The clinical use of human culture-expanded
autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
transplanted on platelet-rich fi brin glue in the treatment
of articular cartilage defects: a pilot study and preliminary
results. Cartilage. 2010; 1: 253-261.
Kasemkijwattana C. Autologous bone marrow mesen-
chymal stem cells implantation for cartilage defects:
two cases report. J of the Med Assoc of Thail. 2011;
: 395-400.
Davatchi F, Abdollahi BS, Mohyeddin M, Shahram
F, Nikbin B. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for knee
osteoarthritis. Preliminary report of four patients. Inter
J of Rheum Dis. 2011; 14: 211-215.
Koh YG. Mesenchymal stem cell injections improve
symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy. 2013;
: 748-755.
Hauser RA, Orlofsky A. Regenerative injection therapy
with whole bone marrow aspirate for degenerative joint
disease: a case series. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Mus-
culoskelet Disord. 2013; 6: 65-72.
Burdick JA, Chung C, Jia XQ, Randolph MA, Langer
R. Controlled degradation and mechanical behavior of
photopolymerized hyaluronic acid networks. Biomacro-
molecules. 2005; 6: 386-391.
Chung C, Mesa J, Randolph MA, Yaremchuk M, Burdick
JA. Infl uence of gel properties on neocartilage forma-
tion by auricular chondrocytes photoencapsulated in
hyaluronic acid networks. J of Biom Mat Res. 2006; 77:
-525.
Mauck RL, Yuan X, Tuan RS. Chondrogenic differentia-
tion and functional maturation of bovine mesenchymal
stem cells in long-term agarose culture. Osteoart and
Cart. 2006; 14: 179-189.
Genes NG, Rowley JA, Mooney DJ, Bonassar LJ. Effect
of substrate mechanics on chondrocyte adhesion to
modifi ed alginate surfaces. Arch of Biochem and Bioph.
; 422: 161-167.
Park H, Temenoff JS, Holland TA, Tabata Y, Mikos AG.
Delivery of TGF-beta 1 and chondrocytes via injectable,
biodegradable hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering
applications. Biomaterials. 2005; 26: 7095-7103.
Muller FA, Muller L, Hofmann I, Greil P, Wenzel MM,
Staudenmaier R. Cellulose-based scaffold materials
for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2006; 27:
-3963.
Vinatier C, Magne D, Moreau A, Gauthier O, Malard O,
Vignes-Colombeix C et al. Engineering cartilage with hu-
man nasal chondrocytes and a silanized hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose hydrogel. J of Biomed Mat Res. 2007;
A: 66-74.
De Franceschi L, Grigolo B, Roseti L, Facchini A, Fini
M, Giavaresi G et al. Transplantation of chondrocytes
seeded on collagen based scaffold in cartilage defects
in rabbits. J of Biomed Mat Res. 2005; 75A: 612-622.
Li Q, Williams CG, Sun DD, Wang J, Leong K, Elisseeff
JH. Photocross linkable polysaccharides based on chon-
droitin sulfate. J of Biomed Mat Res. 2004; 68: 28-33.
Fan HB, Hu YY, Zhang CL, Li XS, Lv R, Qin L et al.
Cartilage regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells
and a PLGA-gelatin/chondroitin/hyaluronate hybrid
scaffold. Biomaterials. 2006; 27: 4573-4580.
Uematsu K, Hattori K, Ishimoto Y, Yamauchi J, Habata T,
Takakura Y et al. Cartilage regeneration using mesenchy-
mal stem cells and a three-dimensional poly-lactic-glycolic
acid (PLGA) scaffold. Biomaterials. 2005; 26: 4273-4279.
Chen X, Zhang F, He X, Xu Y, Yang Z, Chen L, Chon-
drogenic differentiation of umbilical cord-derived mesen-
chymal stem cells in type I collagen-hydrogel for cartilage
engineering. Injury Int J Care Injured. 2013; 44: 540-549.
Hendriks JA, Moroni L, Riesle J, deWijn JR, van Blitter-
swijk CA. The effect of scaffold-cell entrapment capacity
and physico-chemical properties on cartilage regenera-
tion. Biomaterials. 2013; 34: 4259-4265.
Du M, Liang H, MouCh, Li X, Sun J, Zhuang Y et al.
Regulation of human mesenchymal stem cells differen-
tiation into chondrocytes in extracellular matrix-based
hydrogel scaffolds. Biointerfaces. 2014; 114: 316-323.
Coates EE, Riggin CN, Fisher JP, Photocross-linked
alginate with hyaluronic acid hydrogels as vehicles
for mesenchymal stem cell encapsulation and
chondrogenesis. J of Biomed Mat Res. 2013; 101:
-1970.
Brochhausen C, Sanchez N, Halstenberg S, Zehbe R,
Watzer B, Schmitt VH et al. Phenotypic differentiation
and cell cluster formation of cultured human articular
chondrocytes in three-dimensional oriented gelatin
scaffold in the presence of PGE2 - first results of a
pilot study. J of Biomed Mat Res. 2013; 101: 2374-
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
© Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license which allows to reproduce and modify the content if appropiate recognition to the original source is given.
