Diagnóstico molecular para la detección de metapneumovirus humano a partir de aislados virales en pacientes pediátricos con infección respiratoria aguda
Palabras clave:
Metapneumovirus humano, infección respiratoria aguda severa, aislado viral, fusogenicidad, variantes viralesResumen
Actualmente no se conoce en México la epidemiología de metapneumovirus humano, por lo que se implementó una metodología molecular para detectar y diagnosticar Metapneumovirus humano. A partir de un total de 118 pacientes en edad pediátrica con infección respiratoria aguda, se tomaron muestras clínicas, de las cuales se obtuvieron aislados virales que se clasificaron en fusogénicos y no fusogénicos en función de su capacidad de inducir o no la formación de sincitios. Posteriormente, los aislados virales se sometieron a detección de Metapneumovirus humano por inmunofluorescencia directa y se analizaron por RT-PCR con oligonucleótidos específicos para la amplificación de los genes N (nucleocápside) y/o L (RNA polimerasa viral). Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que mediante RT-PCR con nuestro diseño de oligonucleótidos identificamos como Metapneumovirus humano positivos el 100% de los aislados virales Metapneumovirus humano positivos por inmunofluorescencia directa (42/118). Cabe destacar que con esta metodología se detectaron siete muestras hRSV positivas mediante RT-PCR a partir del grupo de 17 muestras Metapneumovirus humano negativas por inmunofluorescencia directa, lo cual pone de manifiesto la mayor sensibilidad de nuestra metodología.
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