Lesiones de manguito rotador: estado actual de la literatura con enfoque en rehabilitación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35366/109508Palabras clave:
hombro doloroso, lesiones del manguito rotador, diagnóstico, terapéutica, rehabilitaciónResumen
Las lesiones de manguito rotador son la principal causa de hombro doloroso. La evidencia y recomendaciones sobre su diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación se actualizan con rapidez. Clínicamente, se caracterizan por dolor localizado en hombro, cuello, brazo y región escapular, además de debilidad y limitación funcional. Es necesario realizar una evaluación clínica adecuada para tener un diagnóstico certero, así como llevar a cabo estudios complementarios. El tratamiento inicial es conservador y consiste en la combinación de medicamentos, fisioterapia y recomendaciones de cuidados articulares. La rehabilitación es básica en el tratamiento conservador, pre y postquirúrgico. El ejercicio es la intervención más eficaz en el tratamiento y la piedra angular de la rehabilitación. Conocer las bases del diagnóstico y tratamiento inicial permite al clínico elaborar programas basados en el paciente y su reintegración funcional. Este artículo de revisión profundiza en los puntos anteriores, al brindar una perspectiva general de las lesiones del manguito rotador y su proceso de rehabilitación.
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