In silico evaluation of miR-125a-5p and miR-125b-5p as potential biomarkers for monitoring acupuncture treatment in rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Introduction. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the synovial joints, which can lead to the destruction of cartilage and bone. This may be due to alterations in the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate mRNA expression. miRNAs have been shown to be closely related to inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Objective. To identify differentially expressed miRNAs associated with RA, their biological mechanisms, and their potential as biomarkers for monitoring acupuncture (AC) treatment. Methodology. Microarray data of miRNA expression from human and rat models were analyzed. The target genes of each miRNA were searched for, as well as their relationship with drugs used in the treatment of RA, and the signaling pathways involved in the development of this disease were analyzed. Results. Two miRNAs, miR-125a-5p and miR-125b-5p, were identified, which are underexpressed and can regulate the expression of 181 target genes related to autoimmune processes and bone metabolism. This set of genes interacts with 131 approved drugs used in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases, of which 58 have been reported for the treatment of RA and whose related genes are associated with key signaling pathways involved in the development of the disease, including NF-kappa B, JAK-STAT, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt. Conclusions. Low expression of miR-125a-5p and miR-125b-5p is associated with RA, and the restoration of the expression of these miRNAs after acupuncture treatment is similar to drug treatment. Therefore, these miRNAs could be considered potential biomarkers for the follow-up and monitoring of AC treatment in RA.