Effects of aging on skeletal muscle and the impact of exercise on muscle health in older adults
Keywords:
Músculo esquelético, Envejecimiento, EjercicioAbstract
Uno de los fenómenos más comunes durante el envejecimiento es la sarcopenia, caracterizada por la pérdida de masa, fuerza y función del músculo esquelético. Este trabajo revisa los principales mecanismos moleculares y celulares implicados en el deterioro progresivo del músculo envejecido, como la transición de fibras musculares de tipo II a tipo I, la infiltración de tejido fibroadiposo, la fibrosis, la disfunción metabólica mitocondrial y la senescencia de las células satélite. Además, se abordarán los efectos beneficiosos del ejercicio físico, incluyendo su papel en la promoción de la biogénesis mitocondrial, la expresión de mioquinas, la vascularización del tejido muscular y diversas regulaciones epigenéticas que favorecen la mejora de la función muscular.
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