Chikungunya and Zika in America and Mexico

Authors

  • Elizabeth Ortega-Soto
  • Zaira E Arellano-Anaya
  • Blanca L Barrón

Keywords:

Chikungunya, Zika, Arbovirosis, Microcephaly, Guillian-Barré

Abstract

Recently, several countries in Latin America, including Mexico, have been affected by outbreaks of Chinkungunya and Zika viruses (arboviruses). Both viruses, transmitted by the bite of several species of mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, cause similar febrile illnesses. The entry of these virus to America, their rapidly spreading as well as the possible association between Zika infection with microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome have caused global concern in the last few months. Despite that a vaccine or treatment against these viral infections is not yet available, simple practices as: 1) to avoid mosquito bites and 2) to control their population density are an important key to control arbovirosis. For that it is important to review the most relevant aspects of both infections.

References

Murphy FA, Nathanson N. The emergence of new virus diseases: an overview. Seminars in Virology. 1994; 5: 87-102.

Lo Presti A, Lai A, Cella E, Zehender G, Ciccozzi M. Chikungunya virus, clinics and phylogenesis: a review. Asian Pac J of Trop Med. 2014; 7 (12): 925-932.

Fauci AS, Morens DM. Zika Virus in the Americas-yet another arbovirus threat. N Engl J Med. 2016; 374 (7): 601-604.

Musso D, Cao-Lormeau VM, Gubler DJ. Zika virus: following the path of Dengue and Chikungunya? Lancet. 2015; 386: 243-244.

Comité Nacional para la Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Situación epidemiológica de virus Chikungunya en América. Disponible en: http://www.epidemiologia. salud.gob.mx/doctos/alertas/2014/chikunguya/Aviso_ epidemiologico_CHILV_120614DGE_DGAE_INDRE.pdf

Comité Nacional para la Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Casos confirmados de fiebre Chikungunya. Semana epidemiológica 50 del 2016. Disponible en: http://www. epidemiologia.salud.gob.mx/doctos/avisos/2016/chik/ DGE_CHIK_CASOSYDEF_SEM50_2016.pdf

Dick GW, Kitchen SF, Haddow AJ. Zika virus. Isolations and serological specificity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1952; 46: 509-520.

Díaz-Quiñonez JA, Escobar-Escamilla N, Ortíz- Alcántara J, Vázquez-Pichardo M, de la Luz Torres- Rodríguez M, Nuñez-León A et al. Identification of Asian genotype of chikungunya virus isolated in Mexico. Virus Genes. 2016; 52 (1): 127-129.

Salvador FS, Fujita DM. Entry routes for Zika virus in Brazil after 2014 world cup: New possibilities. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2016; 14 (1): 49-51.

Comité Nacional para la Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Infección por virus Zika, síndrome neurológico y

anomalías congénitas. Disponible en: http://www. epidemiologia.salud.gob.mx/doctos/avisos/2015/zika/ Aviso_ZIKA_SX_NEUROLOGICO_101215.pdf Comité Nacional para la Vigilancia Epidemiológica. “Casos confirmados de Infección por virus Zika” Semana epidemiológica 50 del 2016. Disponible en: http://www. epidemiologia.salud.gob.mx/doctos/avisos/2016/zika/ DGE_ZIKA_CASOS_SEM50_2016.pdf

Barrows NJ, Campos RK, Powell ST, Prasanth KR, Schott-Lerner G, Soto-Acosta R et al. A screen of FDA- approved drugs for inhibitors of Zika virus infection. Cell Host Microbe. 2016; 20: 259-270.

Boukadida C, Torres-Flores JM, Yocupicio-Monroy M, Piten-Isidro E, Rivero-Arrieta AY et al. Genome Announc. 2017; 5: (12)e00072-17.

Khan AH, Morita K, Parquet MM, Hasebe F, Mathenge EG, Igarashi A. Complete nucleotide sequence of chikungunya virus and evidence for an internal polyadenylation site. Gen Virol. 2002; 83 (Pt 12): 3075-3084.

Griffin DE. Alphaviruses. In: Fields Virology, Knipe DM. Howley. 6 ed., Editorial. 2013, pp. 651-686.

Rupp JC, Sokoloski KJ, Gebhart N, Hardy RW. Alphavirus RNA synthesis and non-structural protein functions. J Gen Virol. 2015; 96: 2483-2500.

Hamel R, Dejarnac O, Wichit S, Ekchariyawat P, Neyret A, Luplertlop N et al. Biology of Zika virus infection in human skin cells. J Virol. 2015; 89 (17): 8880-8896.

Kuno G, Chang GJ. Full-length sequencing and genomic characterization of Bagaza, Kedougou, and Zika viruses. Arch Virol. 2007; 152: 687-696.

Meason B, Paterson R. Chikungunya, climate change, and human rights. Health Hum Rights. 2014; 1 (16): 105-112.

Vega-Rúa A, Schmitt C, Bonne I, Krijnse LJ, Failloux AB. Chikungunya virus replication in salivary glands of Aedes albopictus. Viruses. 2015; 7 (11): 5902- 5907.

Chouin-Carneiro T, Vega-Rua A, Vazeille M, Yebakima A, Girod R, Goindin D et al. Differential susceptibilities of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Americas to Zika Virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016; 10 (3): e0004543.

Villamil-Gómez W, Alba-Silvera L, Menco-Ramos A, Gonzalez-Vergara A, Molinares-Palacios T, Barrios- Corrales M et al. Congenital Chikungunya virus infection in sincelejo, Colombia: a case series. J Trop Pediatr. 2015; 61 (5): 386-392.

Vasani R, Kanhere S, Chaudhari K, Phadke V, Mukherjee P, Gupta S et al. Congenital Chikungunya-a cause of neonatal hyperpigmentation. Pediatr Dermatol. 2016; 33 (2): 209-212.

Petersen E, Wilson ME, Touch S, McCloskey B, Mwabae P, Bates M et al. Rapid spread of Zika virus in the Americas-implications for public health preparedness for mass gatherings at the 2016 Brazil Olympic Games. Int J Infect Dis. 2016; 44: 11-15.

Musso D, Roche C, Robin E, Nhan T, Teissier A, Cao

Lormeau VM. Potential sexual transmission of Zika virus.

Emerg Infect Dis. 2015; 21: 359-361.

Mansuy JM, Suberbielle E, Chapuy-Regaud S, Mengelle

C, Bujan L et al. Zika virus in semen and spermatozoa.

Lancet Infect Dis. 2016; 16: 1106-1107.

Foy BD, Kobylinski KC, Foy JLC, Blitvich BJ, Travassos Da Rosa A et al. Probable non-vector-borne transmission of Zika virus, Colorado, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;

: 880-882.

Hills SL, Russell K, Hennessey M, Williams C, Oster AM, Fisher M et al. Transmission of Zika virus through sexual contact with travelers to Areas of Ongoing Transmission- Continental United States, 2016. MNWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016; 65 (8): 215-216.

D’Ortenzio E, Matheron S, Yazdanpanah Y, de Lamballerie X, Hubert B. Evidence of sexual transmission of Zika virus. N Engl J Med. 2016; 374: 2195-2198.

Rougeron V, Sam IV, Caron M, Nkoghe D, Leroy E, Roques P. Chikungunya, a paradigm of neglected tropical disease that emerged to be a new health global risk. J Clin Virol. 2015; 64: 144-152.

Laoprasopwattana K, Suntharasaj T, Petmanee P, Suddeaugrai O, Geater A. Chikungunya and dengue virus infections during pregnancy: seroprevalence, seroincidence and maternal-fetal transmission, southern Thailand, 2009-2010. Epidemiol Infect. 2016; 144 (2): 381-388.

OMS. Enfermedad por Zika. Disponible en: http://www. who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/es/

Cao-Lormeau VM, Blake A, Mons S, Lastère S, Roche C, Vanhomwegen J et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome outbreak associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia: a case-control study. Lancet. 2016.

Araujo LM, Ferreira ML, Nascimento OJ. Guillain-Barre’ syndrome associated with the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2016; 74: 253-255.

WHO. Guillian-Barré syndrome. Disponible en: http:// www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/guillain-barre- syndrome/

Mlakar J, Korva M, Tul N, Popović M, Poljšak Prijatelj M, Mraz J et al. Zika Virus Associated with Microcephaly. N Engl J Med. 2016; 10: 951-958.

Martines RB, Bhatnagar J, Keating MK, Silva-Flannery L, Muehlenbachs A, Gary J et al. Notes from the field: evidence of Zika virus infection in brain and placental tissues from two congenitally infected newborns and two fetal Losses-Brazil, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016; 65 (6): 159-160.

Sarno M, Sacramento GA, Khouri R, do Rosário MS, Costa F, Archanjo G et al. Zika virus infection and stillbirths: a case of hydrops fetalis, hydranencephaly and fetal demise. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016; 10 (2): e0004517.

Calvet G, Aguiar RS, Melo AS, Sampaio SA, de Filippis I, Fabri A et al. Detection and sequencing of Zika virus from amniotic fluid of fetuses with microcephaly in Brazil: a case study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016; pii: S1473- 3099(16)00095-5.

Driggers RW, Ho CY, Korhonen EM, Kuivanen S, Jääskeläinen AJ, et al.

Zika virus infection with prolonged

maternal viremia and fetal brain abnormalities. N Engl

J Med. 2016; 374: 2142-2151.

Bhatnagar J, Rabeneck DB, Martines RB, Reagan-

Steiner S, Ermias Y et al. Zika Virus RNA replication and persistence in brain and placental tissue. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017; 23 (3): 405-414.

Brasil P, Pereira JP, Raja Gabaglia C, Damasceno L, Wakimoto M, Ribeiro Nogueira RM et al. Zika virus

infection in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro-Preliminary

report. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375 (24): 2321-2334.

de Araújo TV, Rodrigues LC, de Alencar XR, de Barros MF, Montarroyos UR, de Melo AP et al. Association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil, January to May, 2016: preliminary report of a case-

control study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016; 16: 1356-1363.

Cugola FR, Fernandes IR, Russo FB, Freitas BC, Dias JL, Guimarães KP et al. The Brazilian Zika virus strain causes birth defects in experimental models. Nature.

; 534: 267-271.

Brault JB, Khou C, Basset J, Coquand L, Fraisier

V, Frenkiel MP et al. Comparative analysis between flaviviruses reveals specific neural stem cell tropism for Zika virus in the mouse developing neocortex. EBioMedicine. 2016; 10: 71-76.

LiC,XuD,YeQ,HongS,JiangY,LiuXetal.ZikaVirus disrupts neural progenitor development and leads to microcephaly in mice. Cell Stem Cell. 2016; 19: 120-126.

SMFM Publications Committee, SMFM Statement: ultrasound screening for fetal microcephaly following zika virus exposure. Am J Obst Gynecol. 2016; pii: S0002-9378 (16): 00343-00344.

Cuevas EL, Tong VT, Rozo N, Valencia D, Pacheco O et al. Preliminary report of microcephaly potentially Associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy- Colombia, January-November 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016; 65 (49): 1409-1413.

Kumar M, Ching L, Astern J, Lim E, Stokes AJ, Melish M et al. Prevalence of antibodies to Zika virus in mothers from Hawaii who delivered babies with and without Microcephaly between 2009-2012. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016; 10(12):e0005262.

Markedian SK, Robert AL. Diagnostic options and challenges for Dengue and Chikungunya viruses. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015: 834371.

CDC. Zika Virus. Diagnostic Testing. Disponible en: http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/diagnostic.html

Figueiredo ML, Figueiredo LT. Emerging alphaviruses in the Americas: Chikungunya and Mayaro. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2014; 47 (6): 677-683.

Hikke MC, Geertsema C, Wu V, Metz SW, van Lent JW, Vlak JM, Pijlman GP. Alphavirus capsid

proteins self-assemble into core-like particles in insect cells: A promising platform for nanoparticle vaccine development. Biotechnol J. 2016; 11: 266-273.

Public Health England. Zika Virus. Disponible en: https:// www.gov.uk/guidance/zika-virus

OPS. Alerta Epidemiológica. Síndrome neurológico, anomalías congénitas e infección por virus Zika. Implicaciones para la salud pública en las Américas. 1 de diciembre de 2015. Disponible en: http://www. epidemiologia.salud.gob.mx/doctos/avisos/2015/zika/ ops/alerta-epi-virus-zika-20151201.pdf

Johnson KN. The impact of Wolbachia on virus infection in Mosquitoes. Viruses. 2015; 7 (11): 5705-5717.

Ahmad NA, Vythilingam I, Lim YA, Zabari NZ, Lee HL.

Detection of Wolbachia in Aedes albopictus and Their Effects on Chikungunya virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017; 96 (1): 148-156.

Aliota MT, Walker EC, Uribe Yepes A, Velez ID, Christensen BM, Osorio JE. The wMel strain of Wolbachia reduces transmission of Chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016; 10 (4): e0004677.

Paes de Andrade P, Aragão FJ, Colli W, Dellagostin OA, Finardi-Filho F, Hiroyuki HM et al. Use of transgenic Aedes aegypti in Brazil: risk perception and assessment. Bull World Health Organ. 2016; 94 (10): 766-771.

Adalja A, Sell TK, McGinty M, Boddie C. Genetically Modified (GM) Mosquito Use to Reduce Mosquito- Transmitted Disease in the US: A Community Opinion Survey. PLoS Curr. 2016; 8.

Oduyebo T, Petersen EE, Rasmussen SA, Mead PS, Meaney-Delman D, Renquist CM et al. Update: interim guidelines for health care providers caring for pregnant women and women of reproductive age with possible Zika virus exposure. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016; 65 (5): 122-127.

Fleming-Dutra KE, Nelson JM, Fisher M, Staples JE, Karwowski MP, Mead P et al. Update: Interim Guidelines for Health Care Providers Caring for Infants and Children with Possible Zika Virus Infection- United States, February 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016; 65 (7): 182-187.

Published

2024-08-19

How to Cite

1.
Ortega-Soto E, Arellano-Anaya ZE, Barrón BL. Chikungunya and Zika in America and Mexico. InDiscap [Internet]. 2024 Aug. 19 [cited 2024 Sep. 19];6(2):57-68. Available from: https://dsm.inr.gob.mx/indiscap/index.php/INDISCAP/article/view/332

Issue

Section

Evidence synthesis and meta-research