Therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis: towards biotechnological therapies
Keywords:
Rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory process, therapeutic targets, biotechnological therapiesAbstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multigenic autoimmune disease characterized by the chronic
inflammation of the joints due to the hyperplasia of the synovium. This process creates a
conglomerate of immune cells capable of secreting proinflammatory cytokines that contribute
to the surrounding bone and cartilage destruction. Patients who suffer from this disease develop
symptoms such as constant pain, functional disability, fatigue, and depression. Specifically, RA
affects the synovial joints (also called diarthrodial joints), which connect bones with a large
range of movement. Since it is one of the main causes of incapacitation for carrying out daily
tasks, RA represents, as a consequence, a severe public health problem. It has a worldwide
prevalence between 0.3 and 1% and affects mainly the productive age group. Up to this day,
there is still no cure for RA, and current treatments are partially effective in slowing down the disease’s progression and alleviating the symptoms. This review article summarizes the RA’s physiopathology, particularly focusing on pro-inflammatory cytokines responsible for the disease’s onset and prognosis, as they have been used as a common therapeutic target in RA. Furthermore, this review also describes the latest biotechnological therapeutic approaches, focusing on both the research and development of genetic and biological therapies, being antibodies the most important, in order to go further beyond the palliative care and straight into more efficient anti-RA treatment.
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