Therapeutic applications of non-invasive brain stimulation in neurorehabilitation
Keywords:
Transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, neurorehabilitation, stroke, traumatic brain injuryAbstract
Techniques of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) are clinical tools that are currently in extensive research and development as novel therapeutic options for patients with acquired brain damage. The two most widely used techniques are repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS), which are based on the external electric or magnetic current application on the skull to modulate (stimulate or inhibit) the neuronal and brain activity. The NIBS in conjunction with neurorehabilitation conventional therapies have the potential ability to enhance motor, cognitive, sensory and functional recovery in patients with several neurological disorders with an additional excellent safety and tolerability profile. There is now evidence of its positive effects in many diseases such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease (PD), spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebral palsy (CP), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), among others. The aim of this paper is to bring updated review on the basic principles of NIBS most used, as well as on the clinical applications that have shown positive effects in the area of neurorehabilitation.
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© Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license which allows to reproduce and modify the content if appropiate recognition to the original source is given.
