Sleep disorders in patients with acquired brain damage, associated factors and their impact on functionality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35366/103939Keywords:
Stroke, brain traumatic injury, sleep disorders, functionalityAbstract
Objective: To identify the prevalence of sleep disorders in chronic post-stroke and post-traumatic
brain injury (TBI) patients, to determine the risk factors and their impact on functionality in activities of daily life. Material and methods: Cross-sectional clinical study that included adults ≥ 18 years with a history of acquired brain damage (post-stroke or post-TBI). Sociodemographic data and clinical history were obtained, and the following instruments were applied: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Berlin Questionnaire© Sleep Apnea, the Barthel’s functionality index, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results: We included 116 patients, 91 post-stroke (78.4%) and 25 post-TBI (21.6%), mean age was 56.58 years (SD=19.37). In post-stroke patients, the following risk factors were identified: diabetes (OR=3.01; 95% CI=1.13-8.01 for poor sleep quality), multiple comorbidities (OR=3.78; 95% CI=1.04-13.67 for quality of sleep), depression (OR=2.46; 95% CI=2.46-25.80 for apnea; OR=7.94; 95% CI=1.25-10.82 for insomnia) and anxiety (OR=17.84; 95% CI=2.28-139.64 for insomnia). In post-TBI patients, the following were identified as risk factors: overweight/obesity (OR=11.25; 95% CI=1.64-76.84 for poor sleep quality) and coma (OR=2.33; 95% CI=1.42-3.82 for sleepiness). The risk factor for functional loss in post-stroke is apnea (OR=2.63; 95% CI=1.05-6.54) and in post-TBI the poor quality of sleep (OR=8.25; 95% CI=1.15-50.03). Conclusion: Post-stroke and post-TBI patients have a high prevalence of sleep disorders and its comorbidities increase the risk of chronic sleep disorders and functional loss.
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